There are eight cases (kaarak) in Hindi
Kaaraks are used to connect subject, object, and verb to each other to form a meaningful sentence.
The eight cases (kaarak) in Hindi are:
ने – Ne
को – Ko
से – Se
को – Ko
से – Se
का – Ka
में – Mein / पर – Par
हे – He / अरे – Are / अजी – Ajee
In this lesson, we will learn about the kaarak ने, ne
1. ने ne is added to the subject/doer of the verb
In the sentences with ne, the verb agrees with the gender and number of the object. Ne is used in three tenses, namely: Simple past, present perfect, and past perfect. The gender and the number of the subject does not matter when the sentence has ne along with the subject.
It is the gender and number of the object that decides the suffix for the verb (as you have already learnt in the previous lessons).
2. ने ne is used only when the verb in the sentence is transitive.
Ram has cooked fish
राम ने मछली पकायी है – Ram ne machhalee pakaayee hai
They bought chocolates
उन्होंने चॉकलेट ख़रीदीं – Unhonne chokalet khareedeen
3. ने ne is not used with the following transitive verbs.
बोल – Bol – Talk/say/speak
भूल – Bhool – Forget
ला – Laa – Bring
खेल – Khel – Play
बक – Bak – Chatter
In the case of a few transitive verbs like समझ samajh (understand) and खेल khel (play) the use of this postposition is optional.
4. The postposition ne is used with the following intransitive verbs:
Sneeze – छींक – Cheenk
Cough – खाँस – Khans
Bath – नहा – Naha
Spit – थूक – Thook
5. The postposition ne is not used with the following modal verbs:
लग – Lag – Started
सक – Sak – Can
चूक – Chuk – Finish
6. Whenever the objects are followed by the dative postposition को ko, the verb remains in the masculine singular form.
राम ने बहिन / बहिनों को बुलाया
Ram ne bahin / bahinon ko bulaaya
Ram called (his) sister / sisters
हमने लड़के / लड़को / लड़की / लड़कियों को पढ़ाया
Humne ladke / ladko / ladkee / ladkiyon ko padaaya
We taught the boy / boys / girl / girls
7. With noun, ne is written separately and with a pronoun, ne is added to the pronoun.